Instant Extraction of Limits, Sublimits, and Deductibles from Complex Policy Schedules — Built for Actuaries

Actuaries across Property & Homeowners, Specialty Lines & Marine, and General Liability & Construction face a deceptively simple problem: reliably aggregating limits, sublimits, and deductibles from sprawling policy schedules, declarations pages, and endorsements. When these values are buried across inconsistent formats and modified by manuscript endorsements, every reserved dollar, catastrophe PML, and solvency metric is at stake. Backlogs, manual error, and version drift turn a critical actuarial task into a chronic enterprise risk.

Doc Chat by Nomad Data solves this problem at its core. Purpose‑built for insurance, Doc Chat ingests entire policy files (thousands of pages at a time), locates every coverage limit, sublimit, deductible, waiting period, SIR, and aggregate, and returns a structured, actuarial‑ready dataset with page‑level citations. In seconds you can ask, Please extract limits from policy schedules AI or Find deductible in insurance policy automatically, and receive a defensible answer tied to the exact schedule or endorsement that governs coverage.

The Actuarial Challenge: Aggregation Under Real‑World Policy Complexity

For actuaries, limit and deductible extraction is not a clerical exercise; it drives severity curves, attachment strategy, reinsurance placement, cat model assumptions, RBC/ORSA metrics, and IFRS 17/GAAP LDTI analytics. Yet real policies resist simple parsing. In Property & Homeowners, a single policy can include blanket limits, location‑level sublimits (AOP vs. Wind/Hail vs. Named Storm vs. Earthquake), percentage deductibles with minimums, and business interruption waiting periods. Specialty Lines & Marine policies add voyage/stock throughput nuances, conveyance‑based sublimits, and refrigeration breakdown deductibles. In General Liability & Construction, per project and per location aggregates, SIRs versus deductibles, wrap‑ups (OCIP/CCIP), and completed operations limits complicate every roll‑up.

Schedules rarely look alike. Declarations pages may show headline limits, while endorsements rewrite deductibles for specific perils or jurisdictions, or apply sublimits to a subset of premises or projects. Manuscript endorsements can override ISO baselines (e.g., CP 00 10 for Property or CG 00 01 for GL). Even within one carrier, policy schedules vary by broker, program, or vintage. Something as subtle as per occurrence per vessel versus any one loss drives different actuarial aggregation methods.

How Its Handled Manually Todayand Why It Breaks

Most actuarial teams still navigate policy schedules, declarations pages, and endorsements by hand, then rebuild the values in Excel. A typical manual flow:

• Open the policy PDF and scan the declarations page for primary and aggregate limits.
• Jump to the schedule of locations (SOV), stock throughput schedule, or cargo schedule for per‑site or per‑conveyance terms.
• Reconcile deductibles across AOP, Named Storm/Hurricane, EQ, Flood, Wind/Hail percentage deductibles (subject to minimums), BI waiting periods, and coinsurance provisions.
• Chase down endorsements that alter limits or deductibles (e.g., layers added post‑bind, per project aggregate endorsements in GL, refrigeration breakdown endorsements in Marine, manuscript deductible riders for coastal risks).
• Copy/paste values into a workbook, add notes on applicability, and track version control across renewals and mid‑term changes.

Even with careful review, manual processes often miss:

• Overrides hidden deep in an endorsement pack (e.g., CG 25 03 per project aggregate; CP 03 20 coinsurance waiver; inland marine territory limitation riders).
• Peril‑specific sublimits tucked into footnotes or non‑tabular paragraphs.
• Deductible hierarchies where percentage deductibles are subject to per location minimums, sometimes in different currencies.
• Wrap‑up exceptions or Additional Insured endorsements that shift aggregates and allocation logic for construction risks.

For the actuary, every miss distorts rate indications, reinsurance cessions, and capital needs. It increases leakage, injects noise into cat modeling, and undermines solvency analysis when aggregated at portfolio scale.

What Instant Extraction Must Actually Understand

Extracting limits and deductibles with reliability requires the system to read like your senior actuary. That means:

• Limit Types: Per Occurrence, Per Claim, Combined Single Limits, Annual Aggregate, Per Project/Location Aggregate, BI/PD split, Completed Ops, Products, Personal & Advertising Injury.
• Sublimits: Named Storm, EQ, Flood, Wind/Hail; Theft; Refrigeration Breakdown; Special Perils for Marine cargo (e.g., theft sublimits by conveyance); Debris Removal; Ordinance or Law A/B/C; Sue & Labor (Marine).
• Deductibles and Retentions: Flat, Percentage (with minimums and caps), Waiting Periods (BI), Self‑Insured Retentions (SIRs), and endorsements that redefine deductibles for scheduled premises or projects.
• Applicability: Per location vs per policy vs per project, territory‑specific terms, conveyance‑specific terms (ocean/air/land), named locations or vessels.
• Overrides and Order of Precedence: Endorsements that control when terms conflict with base forms or declarations, including manuscript language.

Finally, to be audit‑ready, it must surface page‑level citations back to the source schedule, declarations page, or endorsement and maintain a consistent schema so limits/sublimits/deductibles can be reliably aggregated across portfolios.

Doc Chat: From PDFs to Actuarial‑Ready Datasets in Minutes

Doc Chat was designed for the exact scenarios actuaries face. It ingests entire policy filesincluding policy schedules, declarations pages, endorsements, schedule of forms, and statement of valuesand instantly builds a structured view of all limits, sublimits, deductibles, and aggregates. It works across scanned PDFs with OCR, wildly inconsistent schedule layouts, and dense endorsement stacks.

You can literally type the same queries you might use in a search engine: extract limits from policy schedules AI, find deductible in insurance policy automatically, or AI to aggregate sublimits in commercial insurance. Doc Chat returns the answers along with a clean, exportable table and links to page sources. Because it supports real‑time Q&A, you can immediately follow up with, List all hurricane named‑storm deductibles by location with minimums and caps or Show per project aggregate endorsements that affect Lot 17.

Doc Chats differentiators for insurance and claims translate directly to actuarial work:

• Volume: It ingests thousands of pages per claim or policy file without adding headcount and returns answers in minutes.
• Complexity: It digs through exclusions, endorsements, triggers, and schedule anomalies to surface the terms that actually govern coverage.
• The Nomad Process: It is trained on your actuarial playbooks and nomenclature, producing outputs in your formats for pricing models, cat models, and ERM dashboards.
• Real‑Time Q&A: Ask questions across massive document sets and get instant, cited responses.
• Thoroughness: It surfaces every reference to coverage, liability, or damages, eliminating blind spots that cause leakage and model error.

In our post The End of Medical File Review Bottlenecks, we show how Doc Chat processes ~250,000 pages per minute and standardizes outputs using customizable presets. That same speed and standardization apply to policy schedules: one policy or one thousand, Doc Chat produces a consistent, actuarial‑grade dataset.

Line‑of‑Business Nuances Doc Chat Captures for Actuaries

Property & Homeowners

Property schedules often split limits and deductibles by peril. Doc Chat reads:

Examples: AOP vs Wind/Hail vs Named Storm vs EQ; BI waiting periods; coinsurance clauses; agreed value endorsements; Ordinance or Law sublimits; debris removal; flood sublimits with location‑specific caps; scheduled personal property or fine arts riders. It reconciles percentage deductibles subject to minimums (e.g., 2% of TIV, $50,000 minimum) and links each value to the underlying location or building per the SOV. For homeowners, it can separate Coverage A/B/C/D limits and special sublimits (jewelry, water back‑up) with ease.

Specialty Lines & Marine

Marine and stock throughput policies introduce conveyance‑based sublimits (ocean/air/land), refrigeration breakdown deductibles, and territorial clauses. Doc Chat identifies ICCA/B/C references, Sue & Labor, free‑from particular average (FPA) nuances, and reefer breakdown sublimits, then aligns them with per‑voyage or per‑conveyance deductibles and any warehouse‑to‑warehouse terms.

General Liability & Construction

GL and construction schedules frequently include per project and per location aggregates, SIRs, wrap‑ups (OCIP/CCIP), and completed operations limits. Doc Chat recognizes ISO forms like CG 00 01, CG 25 03, Additional Insured endorsements, primary/noncontributory language, and aggregates that shift under project‑specific endorsements. It distinguishes SIRs from deductibles and maps how they apply by project, subcontractor tier, and completed ops years.

What the Manual Approach Costs Your Actuarial Function

Manual schedule parsing displaces high‑value actuarial work. You pay in four ways:

1. Time: Backlogs create model staleness. Pricing and reinsurance projections lag the actual mix of aggregates and deductibles in force.
2. Loss Adjustment Expense and Leakage: Misread terms become costly claim leakage or suboptimal settlement strategies, especially for catastrophic events or high‑severity GL claims.
3. Capital and Solvency Risk: ORSA and RBC capital become misaligned when sublimits and deductibles are mis‑aggregated, particularly under heavy peril mixes (hurricane, flood, EQ).
4. Talent Drain: Senior actuaries reviewing PDFs leads to burnout and turnover, rather than focusing on pricing strategy, portfolio steering, or reserves.

How Doc Chat Automates Limit/Sublimit/Deductible Extraction End‑to‑End

1) Ingest

Drag‑and‑drop entire policy filespolicy schedules, declarations, endorsements, SOVs, schedule of forms, even broker binders and slips. Doc Chat classifies and indexes each component with OCR for image‑based PDFs.

2) Identify, Normalize, and Cross‑Reference

Doc Chat identifies each limit, sublimit, and deductible, normalizes the language, and maps the hierarchy: base form, declarations page, schedule, endorsement(s). When an endorsement conflicts with a declaration, Doc Chat applies the correct order of precedence and points you to the controlling language.

3) Aggregate and Attribute

It attributes terms to the correct scope (per policy, per location, per project, per vessel/conveyance) and outputs an actuarial‑ready table. You can choose output schemas compatible with AIR/RMS, internal pricing models, and data lakes (e.g., CSV/Parquet/JSON).

4) Real‑Time Q&A with Citations

Use natural language: AI to aggregate sublimits in commercial insurance, Whats the per project aggregate and SIR for Tower B?, Summarize Named Storm deductibles by county. Every answer provides page‑level links back to the source schedule or endorsement.

5) Integrate and Scale

Export to Guidewire, Duck Creek, or your data warehouse; connect to pricing spreadsheets and R/Python notebooks; or trigger automated checks in reinsurance cession workflows. Typical implementations take 1–2 weeks.

Proven at Scale: Accuracy, Speed, and Trust

Carriers have validated Doc Chat on their own files and questions. In our webinar recap with Great American Insurance Group, adjusters reported the system finds answers instantly with significant time savings and page‑level verification. Read the story: Reimagining Insurance Claims Management.

For actuaries, this means you can trust the extraction layer that feeds your pricing and solvency models. Outputs are consistent, explainable, and defensible to auditors and reinsurerswith clear provenance back to policy schedules, declarations pages, and endorsements.

Business Impact for Actuaries and Risk Leaders

Doc Chats impact shows up immediately in actuarial and ERM metrics:

• Time Savings: From hours per policy to seconds per policy. Portfolio reviews that took quarters now take hours.
• Cost Reduction: Fewer manual touchpoints and less reliance on external reviewers for complex schedules. See our perspective on ROI in AIs Untapped Goldmine: Automating Data Entry.
• Accuracy and Consistency: Standardized extraction prevents one‑off spreadsheet logic. Peril‑based deductibles and sublimits roll up correctly across the entire portfolio.
• Capital and Solvency: More precise aggregation feeds RBC/ORSA, IFRS 17/GAAP LDTI, and reinsurance structuring, reducing volatility and model error.
• Portfolio Steering: Clear visibility into aggregates and deductibles by peril, location, project, or conveyance, enabling targeted remediation and risk appetite enforcement.

Why Nomad Data Is Different

Most vendors stop at simple field extraction. Nomad Data was built to automate the complex inference work that lives in your teams heads. As we describe in Beyond Extraction: Why Document Scraping Isnt Just Web Scraping for PDFs, policy schedules require reading like a domain expert, applying unwritten rules, and cross‑referencing endorsements that may never appear in the same table. Thats the core of the Nomad Process: we train Doc Chat on your playbooks, standards, and preferred outputs so it behaves like an extension of your actuarial team.

Implementation is white‑glove and fast. Typical deployment is 1–2 weeks: we ingest representative policy files, align on outputs (pricing, cat modeling, ERM), validate against known answers, and integrate with your systems. Security matters: Nomad Data maintains strong controls and clear audit trails, with page‑level explainability. For more on our security posture and why enterprise‑grade AI differs from consumer tools, see AIs Untapped Goldmine.

Actuarial Workflows Unblocked by Doc Chat

Property & Homeowners

Use cases: Cat model ingestion; Named Storm deductible mapping by county; BI waiting periods; Ordinance or Law sublimit capture; coinsurance and agreed value checks; flood sublimit identification for NFIP overlap. Doc Chat links each value to the correct location or building so severity curves and PMLs reflect true retentions and caps.

Specialty Lines & Marine

Use cases: Stock throughput schedule normalization; per‑conveyance sublimit roll‑ups; refrigeration breakdown deductibles; warehouse‑to‑warehouse gaps; territorial clauses; Sue & Labor provisions. Doc Chat handles Institute Cargo Clauses and manuscript riders that shift deductibles for specific commodities or lanes.

General Liability & Construction

Use cases: Per project/per location aggregate extraction; SIR versus deductible classification; Additional Insured and primary/noncontributory impacts; completed operations aggregates; wrap‑up program term harmonization. Doc Chat reconciles ISO forms (e.g., CG 00 01, CG 25 03) and manuscript endorsements that redefine aggregates.

From Find to Aggregate: Example Queries Actuaries Use

Because the system supports natural language, actuaries and analysts use Doc Chat like a colleague:

• Extract limits from policy schedules AI for risks in Florida and return a table with AOP, Named Storm, Flood, EQ, and BI waiting periods by location.
• Find deductible in insurance policy automatically and list the % deductible, minimum, and applicable peril for each scheduled building.
• AI to aggregate sublimits in commercial insurance: give me refrigeration breakdown, theft, debris removal, and ordinance or law sublimits with page citations and any minimum deductibles.
• Show per project aggregates and SIRs for OCIP 20231 across Lots 112; highlight any manuscript endorsement that changes completed ops.

Defensibility and Audit Readiness

Every extracted value includes a source link. If your validation or audit team asks, Where did this hurricane deductible come from? they jump directly to the schedule or endorsement page. This is the same page‑level explainability that quality teams love in claims workflows, as highlighted in our GAIG webinar recap. The result: faster governance reviews, cleaner reinsurer discussions, and less friction with internal audit.

Integration: From Doc to Data to Decision

Doc Chat meets actuarial teams where they work:

• Data Pipelines: Export CSV/JSON directly to your data lake, Guidewire/Duck Creek, or pricing workbooks.
• Cat Modeling: Output schemas aligned to RMS/AIR ingestion, with location‑level deductibles and sublimits.
• Reinsurance: Accurate aggregates and deductibles feed ceded structures, improving net retentions and reducing cession error.
• Risk Reporting: ERM dashboards and ORSA packs update with true terms in force.

Security, Compliance, and Governance

Actuarial and risk teams often steward highly sensitive policy and exposure data. Nomad Data provides enterprise‑grade security and operational controls with document‑level traceability and consistent audit trails. As discussed in our piece on automationAIs Untapped Goldminewe deliver secure, scalable pipelines that process millions of pages, without sacrificing accuracy or confidentiality.

Get Value in Days, Not Quarters

Nomads white‑glove onboarding gets you live in 12 weeks:

1. Discovery: We review sample policy schedules, declarations pages, and endorsements across Property & Homeowners, Specialty Lines & Marine, and GL & Construction to understand your terminology and edge cases.
2. Preset Design: We codify your extraction schema (fields, aggregation rules, peril taxonomy, SIR vs deductible logic).
3. Validation: We test on known policies and compare outputs to your past ground truth spreadsheets.
4. Go‑Live: Users start with drag‑and‑drop; we integrate to your systems when ready.

Youre not buying a one‑size‑fits‑all tool; youre gaining a partner who co‑creates a solution that mirrors your actuarial workflow. As your playbooks evolve, Doc Chat evolves with them.

Frequently Asked Questions from Actuaries

Q: Can Doc Chat distinguish an SIR from a deductible?
A: Yes. It identifies SIR language (e.g., self‑insured retention, no duty to defend until SIR eroded) and handles application at project or policy level, separate from standard deductibles.

Q: How are percentage deductibles handled?
A: Doc Chat extracts the percentage, applicable basis (e.g., TIV or coverage amount), minimums/caps, peril scope (Named Storm, Wind/Hail, EQ), and any location specificity. It then normalizes for aggregation.

Q: Can it reconcile conflicts between declarations and endorsements?
A: Yes. It determines precedence using schedule/form order and explicit override language, and always cites the controlling page.

Q: What about multi‑layer towers and wrap‑ups?
A: Doc Chat extracts per‑layer limits and deductibles, attributes per project/location aggregates, and maps wrap‑up exceptions that change allocation or aggregate erosion.

Q: Does it integrate with cat models and pricing systems?
A: Yes. We export in schemas your modeling and pricing tools expect. Many customers stream outputs directly into RMS/AIR and pricing workbooks.

A Better Baseline for Portfolio and Solvency Decisions

When actuaries can trust the values coming off policy schedules, everything improves: better rate adequacy, smarter reinsurance, more stable P&L, and a stronger solvency posture. Doc Chat gives you that baseline with speed, accuracy, and explainabilityand it scales as your portfolio grows. As we discuss in Reimagining Claims Processing Through AI Transformation, the biggest wins come when AI standardizes the hard, inferential work. Policy schedules and endorsements are exactly thatand exactly where Doc Chat excels.

Next Step

If your team spends hours haggling with PDFs just to figure out whats actually covered and at what retention, its time to change the baseline. See how Doc Chat delivers instant, defendable extractions of limits, sublimits, and deductibles for Property & Homeowners, Specialty Lines & Marine, and General Liability & Construction programs. Learn more and request a live walkthrough here: Doc Chat for Insurance.